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Harvard was founded in 1636, making it the oldest university in the United States. The school has produced 47 Nobel Prize winners, 32 heads of state, and 48 Pulitzer Prize winners. It has the largest academic library in the world (Widener Library, home to some 6 million volumes).
Founded in 1209, Cambridge University is one of the oldest universities in the world. The alumni includes Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Clerk Maxwell, Augustus De Morgan, Ernest Rutherford, Roger Penrose, and Stephen Hawking. Its over 18,000 students represent more than 135 countries and its faculty have earned over 80 Nobel Prize winners.
MIT was founded in 1861 and is one of the world`s premier science research center. There has been 80 Nobel award winners, 56 National Medal of Science winners, 43 MacArthur Fellows, and 28 National Medal of Technology and Innovation winners. Since 1899, MIT Technology Review has continuously researched developing trends in the industrial sciences and other related fields. Notable alumni from MIT include Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, father of linguistics Noam Chomsky, former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, and former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke.
While there is no founding date for Oxford, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Oxford’s academic community includes 80 Fellows of the Royal Society and 100 Fellows of the British Academy. President Bill Clinton attended Oxford along with many other heads of state.
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology is known by its German acronym ETH and the highest-ranked school on the continent of Europe. It was once home to Albert Einstein. Twenty-one Nobel Prize winners came from ETH.
University of Tokyo is not only the leading school in Japan, but also the leading school in all of Asia and now attracts students from over 100 nations.University of Tokyo runs numerous research institutes studying multiple fields, including medical science, earthquakes, Asian culture, molecular bioscience, cosmic ray research, solid state physics, and environmental science. The school has produced seven Nobel Prize winners and one Field’s Medalist.
The oldest Catholic university in the world was founded in 1425 by Pope Martin V. It is the Catholic University of Louvain located in Louvain, Belgium. KU Leuven is Belgium’s largest university. Even though its library burned down in both world wars, the school now has 30 auxiliary libraries with 4.3 million volumes. The school has produced multiple Nobel Prize winners.
Moscow State University (MSU) is located in Russia’s capital. The school has over 40,000 students, 6,000 professors and lecturers .About 4,000 international students come to MSU each year. MSU`s alumni include 11 Nobel Prize winners and 7 Fields Medalists. Famous politicians like Mikhail Gorbachev and Mikhail Suslov were affiliated with the university, as well as many famous writers such as Ivan Turgenev and Anton Chekhov. It also houses Russia’s largest supercomputer.
Ohio State University is located in the state capital of Columbus. The school is one of the top public universities in the U.S., with 44,000. besides its academic excellence, its sports programs are top rated throughout the country.
Founded in 1386, Heidelberg University is Germany’s oldest research university. Heidelberg focuses on four broad areas of research: materials and structures; molecular and cellular pattern formation; self-organization and regulation; and global culture. The school’s 30,000 students study and work in 12 different faculties and can choose from 160 different programs. The school is also connected to 55 Nobel Prizes.
With over 38,000 students and over 4,400 academic and research staff, The University of Manchester is the largest single campus-university in the United Kingdom. The school has 25 Nobel Prize winners. Several famous scientific experiments were performed here, such as Ernest Rutherford’s historic Gold Foil Experiment proving that the so-called “atom” has an internal structure (a nucleus). Alan Turing laid the foundations for the field of computer science at Manchester, and later on it was here that the world’s first supercomputer was built.
Founded in 1870, The University of Akron is a public research university in Akron, Ohio, and is known for its polymer research. As a STEM-focused institution, it focuses on industries such as polymers, advanced materials, and engineering.
The University of Akron offers about 200 undergraduate and more than 100 graduate majors. With an enrollment of approximately 27,000 students from throughout Ohio, the United States, and 71 foreign countries, the University of Akron is one of the largest campuses in Ohio. UA’s Archives of the History of American Psychology, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, contains famous psychology artifacts and is visited regularly by researchers from around the world.
To go where nothing from Earth has gone before. Launched by NASA in 1977, the Voyager spacecrafts have traveled through the solar system, reported back their findings on the giant gas planets, their moons and other objects in our solar system.
Travelling at around 11 miles per second, Voyager 1 is in "Interstellar space" and Voyager 2 is currently in the "Heliosheath" -- the outermost layer of the heliosphere where the solar wind is slowed by the pressure of interstellar gas.
Here are some wonderful pictures taken by them and a little information about their journey to where nothing from the planet Earth has ever been.
http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/ ---here is a link to NASA`s Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Technology from the 1970`s is still in use today. Think of the what we will learn with the technology we have now and the probes we will send out in the future.
A total of 11,000 work-years was devoted to the Voyager project through the Neptune encounter.
The Voyager Golden Record contains 115 images plus a calibration image and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, and thunder, and animal sounds, including the songs of birds and whales. The record additionally features musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in fifty-nine languages,[1][2] and printed messages from President Jimmy Carter and U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim. The items were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
After NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include a photograph of a nude man and woman on the record. Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included.[3]
Here is an excerpt of President Carter's official statement placed on the Voyager spacecraft for its trip outside the Solar System, June 16, 1977:
We cast this message into the cosmos ... Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, some – perhaps many – may have inhabited planets and space faring civilizations. If one such civilization intercepts Voyager and can understand these recorded contents, here is our message: This is a present from a small distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts, and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope some day, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination and our goodwill in a vast and awesome universe.[4]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------from Wikipedia---
The primary mission was the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn. After making a string of discoveries there -- such as active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io and intricacies of Saturn's rings -- the mission was extended.
Here is a summary of scientific findings by the two Voyagers at Saturn: SATURN Saturn's atmosphere is almost entirely hydrogen and helium. Voyager 1 found that about 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium (compared with 11 percent of Jupiter's atmosphere), while almost all the rest is hydrogen. Since Saturn's internal helium abundance was expected to be the same as Jupiter's and the Sun's, the lower abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere may imply that the heavier helium may be slowly sinking through Saturn's hydrogen; that might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun. (Saturn is the only planet less dense than water. In the unlikely event that a lake could be found large enough, Saturn would float in it.)
The cameras also detected 10 previously unseen moons. Several instruments studied the ring system, uncovering the fine detail of the previously known rings and two newly detected rings. Voyager data showed that the planet's rate of rotation is 17 hours, 14 minutes. The spacecraft also found a Uranian magnetic field that is both large and unusual. In addition, the temperature of the equatorial region, which receives less sunlight over a Uranian year, is nevertheless about the same as that at the poles.
Voyager 1----- On February 14, 1990, as the spacecraft left our planetary neighborhood for the fringes of the solar system, engineers turned it around for one last look at its home planet. Voyager 1 was about 6.4 billion kilometers (4 billion miles) away, and approximately 32 degrees above the ecliptic plane, when it captured this portrait of our world. Caught in the center of scattered light rays (a result of taking the picture so close to the Sun), Earth appears as a tiny point of light.
This was done on the suggestion from Carl SagonHere are the dates and flight paths of both Voyager 1 and 2.
Voyager 1 is currently the furthest man-made object from the sun. these are the locations of both spacecraft.
this is how scientists figured out that Voyager 1 has left the solar system.
A time frame for how long it will take Voyager to reach the Oort Cloud traveling at 11 miles per second.
What the Voyager spacecraft would like in its mission to explore the universe.
putting the final touches on Voyager 1 before its launch.
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